IT and OT integration: The risks
IT (Information Technology) and OT (Operational Technology) are no longer separate domains. While IT focuses on managing data, networks, and software, OT revolves around physical equipment and processes in production and operational environments. The convergence of these two domains offers numerous benefits but also presents significant cybersecurity challenges. As cybersecurity specialists with extensive experience in both IT and OT, we at DeepBlue witness the impact of this integration firsthand.
Direct Online Access: Convenient for the Vendor
In recent years, the separation between IT and OT has diminished. Operational systems that were once entirely isolated from the internet are now connected to IT networks for monitoring, remote maintenance (e.g., vendor VPNs), and real-time data collection. Examples include SCADA systems monitored via IT infrastructure and smart sensors in production lines transmitting data to cloud environments. These advancements enhance efficiency but simultaneously increase the attack surface.
Traditionally, IT has prioritized data integrity, availability, and confidentiality, whereas OT environments focus on safety and continuity. A halted production line or a disruption in a power plant can have severe financial consequences. When these domains converge, new risks emerge that impact both disciplines. Designing cybersecurity measures that address the specific requirements of both IT and OT is, therefore, crucial.
Risks of IT / OT Convergence
The integration of IT and OT amplifies the risk of cyberattacks. OT systems are often designed for long lifespans, relying on outdated protocols and technologies not built for a connected world. Combined with the absence of standard security measures within OT, this creates a challenging environment for CISOs and other responsible parties. Cybercriminals increasingly target OT systems, with ransomware attacks on critical infrastructures globally on the rise. These attacks often have not only economic repercussions but also pose potential threats to public health and safety. Insider threats and human errors can be as destructive as external attacks, making employee training and access control to critical systems vital.
Another significant risk is the complexity resulting from the integration of IT and OT systems. Often, organizations lack a comprehensive overview of their entire network, making vulnerabilities hard to identify. The absence of segmentation between IT and OT networks further simplifies attackers’ ability to move laterally between the two.
Securing IT / OT Integration
A secure IT/OT convergence begins with a thorough risk analysis. Identifying vulnerabilities in the infrastructure and setting priorities is key. At DeepBlue, we always start with an extensive risk assessment and penetration test, forming the foundation for a cybersecurity roadmap to enhance security.
Segmentation plays a pivotal role in securing IT and OT networks. Clearly separating these networks and implementing strict access controls can limit the impact of potential attacks. Employing micro segmentation can further isolate critical OT systems from less secure parts of the network.
Monitoring is another essential aspect. Continuous surveillance of both IT and OT systems provides insights into abnormal behavior and potential threats. Advanced detection systems, such as intrusion detection systems (IDS) tailored to OT environments, can provide timely alerts in case of suspicious activity.
What Else is Needed for a Secure Environment?
A robust IT and OT security strategy requires a multidisciplinary approach. At DeepBlue, we combine our expertise in IT and OT penetration testing with implementing solutions tailored to the unique requirements of both domains. This begins with crafting a clear cybersecurity strategy embraced by the entire organization. Policies, technical measures, and staff awareness must seamlessly align.
Regular security testing is another critical factor. Simulating attacks, such as red teaming exercises, helps organizations understand their vulnerabilities and response mechanisms. These exercises are particularly valuable in environments where IT and OT intersect, as they reveal how threats can spread across the two domains.
Collaboration within the organization is essential. IT and OT teams must work more closely together and understand each other’s challenges. Breaking down silos through training, communication, and knowledge-sharing is vital to creating a truly secure environment.
IT / OT Convergence: Looking Ahead to 2025
The integration of IT and OT is inevitable and will only intensify in the coming years. Smart factories, IoT devices, and cloud-based solutions continue to blur and redefine the boundaries between the two domains. Organizations must remain proactive and place cybersecurity at the forefront of this transformation.
At DeepBlue, we believe in the power of a pragmatic, efficient, and technical approach. By combining our high-level expertise in both IT and OT, we help organizations manage the risks of IT/OT convergence and build secure, resilient infrastructures.
Want to learn more about our tailored services? Contact us at info@deepbluesecurity.nl or call us at 070 800 2025.
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